22.28 OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS
22.28.010 OFF-STREET PARKING FACILITIES
a. For every use, activity, or structure permitted by this Ordinance and for all buildings or structures erected in accordance therewith, there shall be provided sufficient space for access and off-street standing, parking, circulation, unloading, and loading of motor vehicles that may be expected to transport its occupants, whether as patrons, residents, customers, employees, guests, or otherwise, to an establishment, activity, or place of residence at any time under normal conditions for any purpose. When a use is expanded, accessory off-street parking and loading shall be provided in accordance with the regulations herein for the area of capacity of such expansion in combination with the previously existing uses, structure, or activity. Existing off-street parking facilities actually being used on the effective date of this Ordinance, for the parking of automobiles in connection with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than that hereinafter required for a similar new building or use unless additional parking facilities of the same amount are provided by the methods described herein.
b. Single-Family Residential Zone Districts. Every building intended for single- family residential occupancy shall provide on the same lot with such building, off-street parking facilities in the ratio of two (2) spaces for each dwelling unit. No part of the front open space shall be intended to provide such off-street facilities.
c. Non Residential Uses of Residential Buildings. In any Zone District a residential building being used for non residential purposes, except places of public assembly as hereinafter provided, shall provide in addition to the off-street parking space or spaces for the dwelling units required under subsection (b) hereof, off-street parking in the same amounts set forth in Section 22.28.020, for that portion of the floor area which is being utilized for nonresidential purposes.
d. Methods of Providing Parking Facilities. The required off-street parking facilities for buildings used for other than residential purposes may be provided by any one, or any combination of the following methods:
1. By providing the required off-street parking on the same lot as the building served.
2. By providing the required off-street parking within three hundred feet (300') of the building being served, measured without crossing a major thoroughfare, from the nearest point of the building or use to the nearest point of the off-street parking facility.
3. By the collective provisions of the required off-street parking for two (2) or more buildings or uses, provided that the total of such off-street parking area shall not be less than the sum of the requirements of the various buildings or uses computed separately and such parking areas are within three hundred feet (300') feet of the buildings being served, measured without crossing a major thoroughfare, from the nearest point of the building or use to the nearest point of the off-street parking facility.
e. Uses Not Specifically Mentioned. For those uses not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be in accord with a use which the Zoning Board of Appeals considers as being most similar in nature.
f. Change in Use of Parking. Any area once designated as required off-street parking shall never be changed to any other use unless and until off-street parking facilities are provided elsewhere in accordance with this Section.
g. Zoning of Accessory Parking. All accessory parking facilities, whether provided in fulfillment of or in excess of the requirements of this Section, and whether located on the same or on a different lot from the principal use as provided herein, shall be located on property zoned within the same, or less a restrictive zoning district as the principal use served by the parking.
h. Joint Parking Facilities. Off-street parking space for separate buildings or uses or mixed uses may be provided and used collectively or jointly in any zoning district in which separate off-street parking facilities for each constituent use would be permitted, subject to the following provisions:
1. A written agreement assuring the continuing joint usage of said common parking for the combination of uses or buildings is properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned, approved as to form and execution by the Village Attorney and the Village Council, and filed and made part of the application for a building permit.
2. All parking spaces are located within three hundred (300) feet of the uses they are intended to serve as measured by the most direct pedestrian access.
3. The total number of available off-street parking spaces provided collectively for all intended uses shall equal or exceed the number required to be provided if the parking spaces were considered separately for each use.
4. The Village Council may reduce the required total number of spaces provided collectively by up to fifty (50) percent upon making a determination that the continuing parking demands of all uses to be served do not overlap and do not create an off-street parking deficiency at any time.
5. Parking spaces which are provided to meet requirements for churches, public schools, and private schools may be collectively used to meet the off-street parking requirements of related accessory uses provided that the normal hours of operation of the accessory uses do not overlap with the normal hours of operation of the principal use and an agreement per SECTION 22.28.010(h) (1) is executed by all applicable parties. {Ord. 252, 5-12-91}
i. Mixed Uses. For building or land containing more than one (1) use, the total parking requirement shall be determined to be the sum of the requirements for each use.
j. Duty of Continuing Compliance. Upon any transfer of the title to the real estate on which building or buildings are located, the transferees and the occupants shall have the continuing duty to maintain the off-street parking requirements of this Ordinance. It shall be unlawful for the owner or occupants of any building to discontinue or change, or cause the discontinuance or change of the required off-street parking without establishing, prior to such discontinuance or change, alternative off-street parking which meets the requirements of and is in compliance with this Ordinance.
22.28.020 OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS. The minimum number of off-street parking spaces by use shall be determined in accordance with the following schedule:
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Land Use Category |
Standard |
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Recreational |
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Community groups or private social clubs such as Knights of Columbus, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Kiwanis, or similar uses. |
One per three seats or six feet of benches in the main unit of seating. If no fixed seating: one space for each three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by building code. |
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Public or nonprofit indoor recreation areas such as community recreation centers, swimming pools, and similar uses. |
Swimming pools: one space per each three persons of capacity authorized by the building code. Other indoor recreation centers: one space per 200 sq ft of gross floor area. |
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Nonprofit or public outdoor recreation areas, playgrounds or ballfields, and similar uses. |
Ballfields or facilities with fixed seating: one space per three seats or six feet of bleachers. If no fixed seating: one space for each three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy as determined by the building official. |
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Indoor commercial recreation (including but not limited to: skating, bowling, soccer, dance academies, arcades, indoor shooting/archery ranges, indoor golf including golf dome). |
Bowling Alley: five spaces per lane plus 25% of the required parking for any restaurant or lounge. Other (skating, dance, arcades, etc): one space per three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by the Building Code or one space per 200 sq ft of useable floor area, whichever is greater. |
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Outdoor commercial recreation, recreation centers including amusement parks, batting cages, or go-cart tracks |
Two spaces per batting cage, archery range, miniature golf hole, or similar activity. |
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Indoor health clubs, fitness centers, gyms and aerobic clubs. |
One space for each 200 sq ft of useable floor area. |
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Theaters and auditoriums, fully enclosed |
One per each three seats, plus one additional for each two employees. |
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Public arenas or stadiums, enclosed or open air |
One space per three seats or six feet of bleachers |
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Civic |
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Municipal and other governmental offices, not including publicly owned and operated warehouses, garages or storage yards |
One space per 250 sq ft of usable floor area |
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Art galleries/studios, photography studies, public or private libraries or museums, or similar uses |
One space for each 350 sq ft of gross floor area |
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Churches, temples, and similar places of worship with fixed seating |
One per three seats or six feet of benches in the main area of worship |
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Health Care and Medical |
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Medical offices or clinics |
One space for each 200 sq ft of gross floor area |
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Urgent care facilities or clinics over 15,000 sq ft of gross floor area |
Two spaces per exam or outpatient procedure/operating room plus one space for each two rooms for employee parking |
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Nursing home and convalescent centers |
One space for each three beds or two rooms, whichever is less plus one space for each employee during the peak shift |
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Hospitals |
Two spaces per inpatient bed plus one space per each 200 sq ft of office or outpatient area |
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Veterinary clinics or hospitals and related offices, animal shelters and animal day care facilities, and similar uses |
One space per 400 sq ft of useable floor area plus two spaces per employee |
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Office Uses |
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Business and service offices, e.g. advertising, accounting/bookkeeping, architectural, attorney/legal services, engineering, employment, real estate, secretarial, or any similar use |
One space per each 250 sq ft of useable floor area |
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Banks and similar financial institutions, with or without drive-up service or teller machines |
One space for each 200 sq ft of gross floor space, plus two spaces for each ATM. Drive-up windows shall be provided four stacking spaces for the first window, plus three spaces for each additional window |
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Child Care Uses |
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Child care center, Preschool, Daycare |
Two spaces plus one additional space for each eight children of licensed authorized capacity |
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Family day care home and group day care home |
One space per four clients plus one space per each employee |
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Residential |
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Single-family detached dwellings |
Two per dwelling unit |
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Multi-family dwellings, attached or detached, such as duplexes, townhomes, apartments, or similar |
One and a half spaces per efficiency or one bedroom dwelling unit, plus two spaces per unit with two or more bedrooms |
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Education |
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Non-profit schools, private or parochial |
One space per each teacher, employee, or administrator in addition to the requirement for auditorium or stadium, whichever seats more, plus one space per ten students for high schools |
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Vocational and technical training facilities including commercial schools and studios for teaching photography, art, music, theater, dance, martial arts, ballet, or similar |
One space per each teacher, employee, or administrator in addition to the requirement for auditorium or stadium, whichever seats more, plus one space per ten students |
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Commercial schools and studios for teaching photography, art, music, theater, dance, martial arts, ballet, or similar |
One space per each teacher, employee, or administrator in addition to the requirement for auditorium or stadium, whichever seats more, plus one space per ten students |
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Retail |
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Retail uses up to 25,000 sq ft of gross floor area |
One space for each 250 sq ft of useable retail floor area |
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Retail uses over 25,000 sq ft of gross floor area |
One space per 250 sq ft of useable retail floor area for the first 25,000 sq ft, plus one space per 275 sq ft for the next 50,000 to 450,000 sq ft of useable retail floor area, plus one space per 300 sq ft for that area in excess of 450,000 sq ft of useable retail floor area Non-retail uses such as restaurants, bars, and theaters shall be calculated separately based upon their respective requirements |
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Drive-thru windows accessory to a retail use not otherwise listed |
Drive-up windows shall be provided four stacking spaces for the first window, plus three spaces for each additional window in addition to requirements for retail use |
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Service |
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Dry cleaning drop-off |
One space per 500 sq ft of useable floor area |
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Personal and business service establishments performing services on the premises including seamstress/tailor, shoe repair, tanning salons, beauty parlor, barber shop, tattoo parlor, massage, skin care, or similar |
One space per 300 sq ft of useable floor area or two and a half spaces per barber or beautician chair/station, whichever is greater, plus one per 800 sq ft where a showroom or workshop or office is on site |
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Laundromats |
One for each two machines |
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Funeral home and mortuary establishments |
One for each 50 sq ft of assembly room, parlor, and slumber room usable floor area, plus one space per each funeral vehicle stored on premise |
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Open air business such as nurseries, home improvement supplies, and similar outdoor displays and retail sales |
One space per 500 sq ft of land area being used for display |
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Hotel/motel |
One space per guest room plus any required parking for conference rooms, restaurants, bars, exhibit space or banquet rooms |
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Indoor mini-storage and self-storage facilities |
Business service storage: one space per each 50 storage units, plus one space per employee Self-storage: four spaces adjacent to the business office, plus one space per 200 storage cubicles |
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Restaurants |
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Restaurants and coffee shops without drive-thru or drive-in |
Sit down, no liquor license: one space for each 100 sq ft of gross floor area or one for each two seats, whichever is greater. Sit down, liquor license: one space for each 70 sq ft of gross floor area or one per two seats, whichever is greater |
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Restaurants and coffee shops with drive-thru or drive-in service |
Drive-in only: one space per employee, plus one space per drive in station Drive-thru: one space per 70 sq ft of useable floor area or one-half space per seat, whichever is greater, plus three designated drive-thru short term waiting spaces, plus ten stacking spaces for drive-thru service which do not conflict with use of required spaces |
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Restaurants with carry-out service only |
One per 80 sq ft of usable floor area or ten spaces, whichever is greater |
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Restaurants, bars, and microbreweries serving alcoholic beverages. The portion of a larger facility utilized for a lounge shall be computed at this rate. |
One space per each 60 sq ft of useable floor area or one space per two seats, whichever is greater.
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Banquet halls |
One space per three persons of capacity authorized by the Building Code or one space per 100 sq ft of useable floor area, whichever is greater, plus parking required for other uses. |
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Auto Service |
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Auto and gasoline filling stations |
Two for each service bay and one for each 200 sq ft of usable sales floor area; plus one for every two employees with a minimum of two spaces |
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Automobile repair establishments including accessory retail of new auto parts. Salvage yards and tire stores are not included |
Two spaces per service bay, plus one space per employee, plus one space per tow truck |
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Automobile, motorcycle, boat, and recreational vehicle sales, new and used |
One space per 200 sq ft, plus three spaces per each auto service bay |
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Automobile wash, automatic or self-serve |
Automatic: Two spaces, plus one space per employee, plus 12 stacking spaces per bay for free-standing washes. Six stacking spaces when accessory to a gas station plus any required parking for other uses |
{Ord. 378; 2-16-21; Ord. 299; 6-7-00}
22.28.030 OFF-STREET PARKING SPACE LAYOUT, STANDARDS,
CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE.
a. No building, structure, or land shall be erected or used for parking or driveway purposes of more than three required parking spaces unless a site plan has been approved by the Village Council.
b. No parking lot shall be constructed without a permit issued by the Building Official. Application for a permit shall be submitted to the Building Department in such form as may be determined by the department and shall be accompanied by at least two sets of site plans for the development of the parking lot designed in accordance with this Section.
c. The parking facilities shall not be less than the following minimum requirements:
| Parking Pattern | Maneuvering Lane Width | Parking Space Width | Parking Space Length | Total Width of One Tier of Spaces Plus Maneuvering Lane | Total Width of Two Tiers of Spaces Plus Maneuvering Lane |
| 0 degrees (parallel parking) | 12 ft. | 8 ft. | 20 ft. | 20 ft. | 28 ft. |
| 30 to 53 degrees | 12 ft. | 9 ft. | 19 ft. | 32 ft. | 52 ft. |
| 54 to 74 degrees | 15 ft. | 9 ft. | 19 ft. | 36 ft. | 57 ft. |
| 75 to 90 degrees * |
20 ft. | 9 ft. |
19 ft. |
39 ft. | 58 ft. |
d. Except for parallel parking, all parking spaces shall be clearly striped with
four inch wide double lines, 23 inches apart, to facilitate movement and to help maintain an orderly parking arrangement.
e. Parking Space Standards.
1. Except for parallel parking, all parking spaces shall be nine feet in width, center to center, and 19 feet in length.
2. Off-street parking reserved for the handicapped shall be provided in accordance with the State of Michigan Barrier-Free Rules, Michigan Public Act No. 1 of 1966, as amended. {Ord. 280, 2-19-97}
Accessible Parking Spaces Per Michigan Barrier Free Design
f. Stacking spaces shall be a minimum of ten feet wide and 20 feet in length, shall not extend into any public street right-of-way and shall be distinctly separated from on-site parking so as not to interfere with ingress and egress to parking spaces.
g. Parallel parking spaces shall be 20 feet in length with a six foot maneuvering space for each two parking spaces.
h. All parking lots shall have clearly limited and defined access from roadways and said access shall not be less than 24 feet in width at the right-of-way line. Interior driveways shall also be clearly defined and not less than 12 feet wide for one-way and 20 feet wide for two-way traffic.
i. All parking spaces shall have access from an aisle on the site. Backing directly onto a street shall be prohibited.
j. The Village Council may require the posting of such traffic control signs as it deems necessary to promote vehicular and pedestrian safety.
k. Curbing shall be provided to prevent any vehicle from damaging or encroaching upon any required wall, berm, or buffer strips, upon any building adjacent to the parking lot, or upon any adjacent property. Freeway-type guard rails shall be prohibited. {Ord. 318, 9-7-04}
l. All lighting used to illuminate any off-street parking area shall comply with Section 22.08.440 for residential uses in a Residential Zone District and Section 22.09.050 for nonresidential uses in a Residential Zone District and ll development in the P-Parking, O-Office, and B-Business Districts. {Ord. 318, 9-7-04}
m. The off-street parking facilities in all non-single family residential districts shall be provided with asphalt or concrete surfacing in accordance with the Village standards. Drainage of all off-street parking facilities must be provided so as to collect and dispose of surface water so that water will not flow onto abutting properties or otherwise become a nuisance or a health hazard.
n. In order to insure pedestrian safety, sidewalks, of not less than five feet in width, may be required to separate any driveway or parking area from a building.
o. Sidewalks, not less than five feet in width, shall be constructed along the right-of-way line of all abutting streets.
p. All interior circulation routes shall have rights-of-way of a sufficient width to accommodate the vehicular traffic generated by the uses permitted in the district or adequate provision shall be made at the time of the approval of the plan for such sufficient width of rights-of-way. The right-of-way provided to satisfy this condition shall conform to the requirements of the Village, County, or State.
q. Parking spaces adjacent to interior sidewalks may have their length reduced up to two feet where adjacent curbs do not exceed four inches in height and where the adjoining sidewalk width is at least seven feet. This standard does not include those sidewalks provided along any public or private street.
r. Parking areas for all uses that shall comply with Section 22.09 SITE DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS shall meet the parking lot screening requirements of Section 22.09.040 (g). {Ord. 299; 6-7-00} {Ord. 318, 9-7-04}
22.28.050 OFF-STREET LOADING AND UNLOADING. On the same premises with every building, structure, or part thereof, erected or occupied for storage, warehouse goods, display, a department store, a wholesale store, a market, a hotel, a hospital, a mortuary, a laundry, a dry cleaning establishment, or other such similar use involving the receipt or distribution of vehicles or materials or merchandise, there shall be provided and maintained on the lot adequate space for standing, loading and unloading services adjacent to the opening used for loading and unloading in order to avoid undue interference with public use of the streets or alleys.
All such loading and unloading areas, including all access drives, shall be paved and shall be in addition to the required off-street parking area requirements.
Such loading and unloading space, unless otherwise adequately provided for, shall be an area ten feet (10') by forty feet (40') with a fourteen foot (14') height clearance and shall be provided according to the following table:
| Gross Floor Area in Square Feet | Loading and Unloading Spaces Required in Terms of Square Feet of Usable Floor Space |
| 0 to 3,000 | None |
| 3,001 to 20,000 | One (1) |
20,001 to 100,000 |
One (1) plus one (1) for each over 20,000 square feet |
| 100,001 or more | Five (5) plus one (1) for each 40,000 square feet of excess over 100,000 square feet |
No loading space may be on any street frontage and provision for handling all freight shall be on those sides of any building which do not face on any street or proposed street, except where such areas are obscured, from such street, with a solid masonry wall not less than six feet (6') in height.
22.28.070 VEHICLE STORAGE, SALE AND REPAIR PROHIBITED. The following is prohibited in all nonresidential off-street parking areas:
a. The storage of an inoperable or unlicensed motor vehicle as defined in the State of Michigan Motor Vehicle Code.
b. The storage of any recreational vehicle as defined in this ordinance.
c. The sale or offering for sale of a motor vehicle or recreational vehicle.
d. The non-emergency repair or maintenance of any vehicle. {Ord. 252, 5-12-91}